Enhance setup and testing scripts for improved package management and logging

- Updated setup.sh to check for Nala installation and provide alternative installation methods based on Ubuntu version.
- Added error handling for package installation, allowing fallback to apt if Nala fails.
- Introduced startup.sh to perform container startup checks, including system info and permissions for logs directory.
- Created test-setup.sh to validate bootstrap and setup scripts, including detailed logging of package availability and installation results.
- Implemented checks for missing packages and provided recommendations for manual installation.
- Enhanced logging for better traceability of actions and errors during setup and testing processes.

docs/testing-fixes.md

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+# Docker-based Testing Framework Improvements
+
+This document outlines the improvements made to the Docker-based testing framework for validating shell scripts and dotfiles across different environments.
+
+## Issues Fixed
+
+### 1. `local` Keyword Usage Outside Function
+
+Fixed a syntax error where the `local` keyword was used outside of a function context:
+
+```bash
+# Before (incorrect):
+for pkg in $packages; do
+    local actual_pkg=$(get_package_name "$pkg")
+    # ...
+done
+
+# After (correct):
+for pkg in $packages; do
+    actual_pkg=$(get_package_name "$pkg")
+    # ...
+done
+```
+
+### 2. Log Directory Handling
+
+Enhanced log directory handling to ensure proper permissions and fallback mechanisms:
+
+- Added better error handling for log directory creation and permissions
+- Added validation to verify write permissions before proceeding
+- Implemented fallback to /tmp if host volume mounting fails
+- Added debugging information when log operations fail
+
+### 3. Package Verification
+
+Improved package detection, especially for packages like `cowsay` and `lolcat` that are typically installed in `/usr/games/`:
+
+- Enhanced `test_package()` function to check in common alternate locations
+- Added specific handling for packages that may be installed with different paths
+- Added detailed debugging output for problematic packages 
+
+### 4. Docker Container Configuration
+
+Improved the Docker container configuration for more reliable testing:
+
+- Added proper volume mounting with explicit read/write permissions
+- Added timestamp consistency between host and container
+- Added container type labels to log files for better tracking
+- Enhanced error detection for volume mounting issues
+
+## Implementation Details
+
+### 1. Enhanced Logging System
+
+- Timestamps are now synchronized between host and container
+- Log file names include container type (ubuntu/debian) for clarity
+- Added validation to confirm logs are properly saved to host
+
+### 2. Container Environment Setup
+
+- Improved `startup.sh` with better diagnostics before running tests
+- Added permissions verification for mounted volumes
+- Added write tests to confirm permissions are correctly set
+
+### 3. Test Framework Improvements
+
+- Improved error handling for better diagnostics
+- Enhanced reporting for package detection issues
+- Better isolation between test iterations
+
+## Running Tests
+
+To run tests with the improved framework:
+
+```bash
+# Test in Ubuntu container
+./run-docker-tests.sh ubuntu
+
+# Test in Debian container
+./run-docker-tests.sh debian
+```
+
+The logs will be saved in the `./logs` directory with filenames that include the timestamp and container type.